The International Observatory on Vulnerable People In data protection
Resources
Disclaimer: The resources are arranged per thematic sections to facilitate the consultation. However, we are aware of the intersections and overlaps thereof. And that AI is generating new categories outside the traditional ones. We are also aware that pre-identifying categories of vulnerable people in data processing is not possible, vulnerability being a largely contextual and elusive concept. We are not claiming to be exhaustive, but to initiate a discussion.
Do you have any suggestions as to how improve the repository? Have you come across any resource that should be included in the repository? Contact us.
LGBTQIA+ & non-binary folks
- Academic writings
Beauchamp, T. (2019). Going Stealth. Transgender Politics and U.S. Surveillance Practices. Durham and London: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11cw8g8
Bivens, R. (2017). The gender binary will not be deprogrammed: Ten years of coding gender on Facebook, New Media & Society 19(6), 880-898. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815621527
Cirillo, D., Catuara-Solarz, S., Morey, C. et al. (2020). Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare. NPJ Digital Medicine, 3, 81. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0288-5
Dias Oliva, Antonialli, D. M., & Gomes, A. (2020). Fighting Hate Speech, Silencing Drag Queens? Artificial Intelligence in Content Moderation and Risks to LGBTQ Voices Online. Sexuality & Culture, 25(2), 700–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09790-w
Fosch-Villaronga, E., Poulsen, A., Søraa, R. A., & Custers, B. H. M. (2021). A little bird told me your gender: Gender inferences in social media. Information Processing & Management. vol. 58 (3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102541
Fosch-Villaronga, E., Poulsen, A., Søraa, R. A., & Custers, B. H. M. (2020) Don’t guess my gender, gurl: The inadvertent impact of gender inferences. BIAS 2020: Bias and Fairness in AI Workshop at the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML-PKDD), 14-18 September 2020, online. 95038630 Published paper
Guyan, K. (2022) Queer Data – Using Gender, Sex and Sexuality Data for Action https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/queer-data-9781350230729/
Hamidi, F., Scheuerman, M. K., & Branham, S. M. (2018, April). Gender recognition or gender reductionism? The social implications of embedded gender recognition systems. In Proceedings of the 2018 chi conference on human factors in computing systems, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118768299
Hutson, J., Taft, J. G. , Barocas, S. and Levy K. (2018). Debiasing Desire: Addressing Bias & Discrimination on Intimate Platforms. In Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 2, CSCW, Article 73 (November 2018). ACM, New York, NY. 18 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274342
Keats Citron, D. (2018). Sexual privacy. Yale LJ, 128, 1870. https://openyls.law.yale.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.13051/10382/Citron_q8ew5jjf.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Keyes, O. (2018). The misgendering machines: Trans/HCI implications of automatic gender recognition. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2(CSCW), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274357
Light, B., Mitchell, P., & Wikström, P. (2018). Big Data, method and the ethics of location: A case study of a hookup app for men who have sex with men. Social Media+ Society, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118768299
MacKee, F. (2016). Social media in gay London: Tinder as an alternative to hook-up apps. Social Media+ Society, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116662186
Monea, A. (2022). The Digital Closet: How the Internet Became Straight. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12551.001.0001
Poulsen, A., Fosch-Villaronga, E., & Søraa, R.A. (2020) Queering Machines. Nature Machine Intelligence, Correspondence, https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-020-0157-6
Rodriguez. (2022). LGBTQ Incorporated: YouTube and the Management of Diversity. Journal of Homosexuality, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2022.2042664
Southerton, C., Marshall, D., Aggleton, P., Rasmussen, M. L., & Cover, R. (2021). Restricted modes: Social media, content classification and LGBTQ sexual citizenship. New Media & Society, 23(5), 920–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820904362
Sriram, N. (2020). Dating Data: LGBT Dating Apps, Data Privacy, and Data Security. U. Ill. JL Tech. & Pol’y, 507. https://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sriram_Final.pdf
Stardust, Z. (2018). Safe for Work: Feminist Porn, Corporate Regulation and Community Standards. In: Dale, C., Overell, R. (eds) Orienting Feminism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70660-3_9
- NGO Reports & Articles
Privacy International (2019). From Oppression to Liberation: Reclaiming the Right to Privacy https://privacyinternational.org/report/2457/report-oppression-liberation-reclaiming-right-privacy
Internet Lab (2019). Drag queens and Artificial Intelligence: should computers decide what is ‘toxic’ on the internet? https://internetlab.org.br/en/news/drag-queens-and-artificial-intelligence-should-computers-decide-what-is-toxic-on-the-internet/
Privacy International (2019). Communities at risk: How security fails are endangering the LGBTIQ+ community https://privacyinternational.org/news-analysis/2782/communities-risk-how-security-fails-are-endangering-lbgtiq-community
Wood, C., Ringrose, K., Gutierrez, C., Stephanovich, A., & Colson, C. (2022). The role of data protection in Safeguarding Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Information. https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/FPF-SOGI-Report-R2-singles-1.pdf
- Data Protection Authorities' Guidance
- Laws
- Case Law
European Court of Human Rights
Beizaras and Levickas v. Lithuania (Second Section) 41288/15 2020 https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-200344
Y.T. v. Bulgaria (Fifth Section) 41701/16 2020 Official Language in French: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-203898 Unofficial English Translation: In pp. 379-380 https://rm.coe.int/new-caselaw-06-2021/1680a2fc58
Rana v. Hungary (Fourth Section) 40888/17 2020 https://www.stradalex.com/nl/sl_src_publ_jur_int/document/echr_40888-17
X and Y v. Romania (Fourth Section) 2145/16 and 20607/16 2021 Official Language in French: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-207364 Unofficial English Translation: In pp. 391-393 https://rm.coe.int/new-caselaw-06-2021/1680a2fc58
- Policy documents
- Global Developments
- Others
Maury, M. (2022). I feel for you, but…”: How Improved Data Will Support the LGBTQI+ Community https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2022/08/29/i-feel-for-you-but-how-improved-data-will-support-the-lgbtqi-community/
Veale, M. (2022). Course Sexuality and the Law (partial syllabus). https://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucqnmve/syllabi/satl.html