The International Observatory on Vulnerable People In data protection
Resources
Disclaimer: The resources are arranged per thematic sections to facilitate the consultation. However, we are aware of the intersections and overlaps thereof. And that AI is generating new categories outside the traditional ones. We are also aware that pre-identifying categories of vulnerable people in data processing is not possible, vulnerability being a largely contextual and elusive concept. We are not claiming to be exhaustive, but to initiate a discussion.
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Migrants, people on move & and non-citizens
- Academic writings
Brouwer, E. (2020). Large-scale databases and interoperability in migration and border policies: The Non-Discriminatory Approach of Data Protection. European Public Law, 26(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.54648/euro2020005
González Fuster, G., & Gutwirth, S. (2011). When “Digital Borders” Meet “Surveilled Geographical Borders”: Why the Future of EU Border Management is a Problem. In P. Burgess & S. Gutwirth (Eds.), A Threat Against Europe? Security, Migration and Integration (pp. 171–190). VUBPRESS. http://works.bepress.com/serge_gutwirth/56/
Hayes, B. (2017). Migration and data protection: Doing no harm in an age of mass displacement, mass surveillance and “big data”, International Review of the Red Cross 99, 179-209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383117000637
Molnar, P. (2022). Territorial and Digital Borders and Migrant Vulnerability Under a Pandemic Crisis. In: Triandafyllidou, A. (eds) Migration and Pandemics. IMISCOE Research Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_3
Molnar, P. (2020). Technological Testing Grounds – Migration Management Experiments and Reflections from the Ground Up. https://edri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Technological-Testing-Grounds.pdf
Meier, P. (2011). New Information Technologies and Their Impact on the Humanitarian Sector, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 884, pp. 1239 – 1263 https://www.icrc.org/fr/doc/resources/international-review/review-884/review-884-all.pdf
Quintel, T. (2018). Connecting Personal Data of Third Country Nationals: Interoperability of EU Databases in the Light of the CJEU’s Case Law on Data Retention. University of Luxembourg Law Working Paper, 2. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3132506
Stachowitsch, S., & Sachseder, J. (2019). The gendered and racialized politics of risk analysis. The case of Frontex. Critical Studies on Security, 7(2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2019.1644050
- NGO Reports & Articles
Statewatch & PICUM. (2019). Data Protection, Immigration Enforcement and Fundamental Rights: What the EU’s Regulations on Interoperability Mean for People with Irregular Status https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/analyses/Data-Protection-Immigration-Enforcement-and-Fundamental-Rights-Full-Report-EN.pdf
Naranjo, D., & Molnar, P. (2020) The Privatization of Migration Control. Retrieved from https://www.cigionline.org/articles/privatization-migration-control/
Open Rights Group (2020) Immigration, Data And Technology: Needs And Capacities Of The Immigration Sector https://www.openrightsgroup.org/app/uploads/2020/11/Immigration-Data-and-Technology-Needs-and-Capacities-of-the-Immigration-Sector.pdf
Privacy International (n/a). Protecting migrants at borders and beyond https://privacyinternational.org/protecting-migrants-borders-and-beyond
Rodelli, C. (2022). The EU AI Act: How to (truly) protect people on the move https://www.accessnow.org/eu-ai-act-migration/
- Data Protection Authorities' Guidance
- Laws
- Case Law
Court of Justice of the European Union
YS v. Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel, and Minister voor Immigratie, Integratie en Asiel v M and S (Third Section) ECLI:EU:C:2014:2081 2014 https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=155114&doclang=EN
National
Open Rights Group & Anor, R v. The Secretary of State for the Home Department & Anor Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Appeal No: C1/2019/2726/QBACF Neutral Citation Number: [2021] EWCA Civ 800 2021 https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2021/800.html
- National
Open Rights Group & Anor, R v. The Secretary of State for the Home Department & Anor Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Appeal No: C1/2019/2726/QBACF Neutral Citation Number: [2021] EWCA Civ 800 2021 https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2021/800.html
- Policy documents
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2018). Preventing unlawful profiling today and in the future: a guide. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2811/801635
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2018). Under watchful eyes: biometrics, EU IT systems and fundamental rights. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2811/29
ICRC Rules on Personal Data Protection https://shop.icrc.org/icrc-rules-on-personal-data-protection-pdf-en.html
Hennebry, J., H. KC and K. Williams, 2021. Gender and Migration Data: A Guide for Evidence-based, Gender-responsive Migration Governance. International Organization for Migration (IOM). https://publications.iom.int/books/gender-and-migration-data-guide-evidence-based-gender-responsive-migration-governance
- Global Developments
Africa Migration Data Network (AMDN) https://gmdac.iom.int/africa-migration-data-network-amdn
Aljazeera (29 August 2022). In Cameroon, refugees get a new lease of life with digital IDs. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/29/in-cameroon-refugees-get-a-new-lease-of-life-with-digital-ids